Review of nanofluids-assisted the thermal performance of heat pipes

Using nanofluids as a working fluid in heat pipes can increase the ability of heat pipes to transfer thermal energy and improve thermal performance. This paper reviews a group of previous experimental and numerical research that dealt with the impact of nanofluids on the thermal characteristics of the heat pipes, to understand more about these fluids and their thermal conductivity, and to know the difference between using them and using traditional fluids, which are characterized by limited thermal conductivity. Previous researchers have studied the effect of thermal energy input, the type of nanofluid, the size and concentration of the nanoparticle, and the materials from which this nanoparticle is made. In general, nanofluids are characterized by high thermal conductivity when compared to conventional fluids. Therefore, their use in heat pipes leads to a very significant improvement in thermal properties. All of this depends on the operating conditions, the type of nanofluid, the size, and the concentration of the nanoparticle. It was pointed out that the heat pipes attain the highest thermal performance at a certain concentration of nanofluids. In addition, a conflict between th