Aim of the study: to evaluate the healing of apical periodontitis, after unintentional extrusion of AH Plus sealer on root canal treatments and non-surgical retreatments. Materials and methods: sixty-four teeth with apical periodontitis (21 initial root canal treatment and 43 non-surgical retreatments) were treated by 2 endodontists. They were rotary prepared and filled using warm vertical condensation technique. All the teeth presented unintentional canal overfilling, recorded on postoperative radiograph. The patients were monitored clinically and radiographically at 1 and 2 years after the treatment. Two independent observers assessed the radiographs and determined the outcome according to PAI score pooled in a 3-category scale (1 or 2 - healed, 3 - uncertain, 4 or 5 - nonhealed). Mann-Whitney, Fischer's exact, and Wilcoxon tests were used for group comparisons. Results: Initial PAI score and tooth location in the maxillary arch were the factors that significantly afected the outcome. Initial PAI score was statistically significant lower in healed than in nonhealed or uncertain outcomes (p 0.001). Healing occurred more frequently in the maxillary teeth, compared to mandibular
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