Risk factors for premalignant lesions of the oral cavity in the Bernardo Posse Polyclinic

Introduction : Oral cancer represents a significant public health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality, especially in populations with associated risk factors. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the purpose of identifying risk factors associated with premalignant lesions of the oral cavity in patients attended at the Bernardo Posse Polyclinic, Havana, between 2020 and 2024. The analysis included variables such as age, sex, anatomical location of the lesions and risk habits, such as smoking, alcoholism, inadequate diet and predisposing diseases. Early identification of these factors can contribute significantly to the prevention of oral cancer.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 25 patients of both sexes with evident premalignant lesions in the buccomaxillofacial complex. The variables studied included age, sex, anatomical location of the lesions and risk factors (smoking, alcoholism, diet and predisposing diseases). Data were collected through surveys and clinical records, and descriptive statistical analyses were applied to determine the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables. The sample was se