Synthesis of biodiesel based on alcohol mixtures

Today, the rapid depletion of traditional fuel sources and rapid global climate change in the environment has increased interest in alternative fuels. The current situation forces many countries to implement different strategies for the development of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the environmental safety of fuels is one of the key factors in ensuring the proper operation of internal combustion engines. These strategies include the synthesis of biodiesel as renewable energy, a promising fuel for diesel engines. The goal of the work was the synthesis of biodiesel fuel from cottonseed oil using a transesterification reaction in the presence of a mixture of small molecular weight alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and i-propanol, in the presence of H2SO4 as a catalyst. The reaction time was 8 hours and the mixture of alcohols was: methanol (ethanol) (34%), propanol-1 (33%) and propanol-2 (33%), yielding 80 and 83%, respectively. From the 1H NMR spectra, the participation rates of alcohols in transesterification reactions were calculated. The exploitation properties (viscosity, density, ignition temperature, etc.) of the obtained biodiesels are presented according t