Of (AI) Machine and Human (Labour): An Integrated Nexus of Work Operating System Architecture for Orchestrating Human–AI Collaborations

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have signifi�cantly impacted virtually all aspects of the global society, including especially the labour markets. AI has the potential to transform almost all occupations to various degrees, and in certain labour market segments, has already started to drastically disrupt and reshape the labour market. The optimal approach to the division of labour between humans and AI has become one of the most fundamental focuses to achieve ideal human–AI collaborations. The existing literature in the domain investigates usually at the level of work process maps or job descriptions. In this paper, we present the system architecture of Nexus of Work Operating System (NOWOS), the first integrated end-to-end operation system that analyses human–AI collaboration from the atomic task (the smallest unit of real work tasks) level, and provides comprehensive functionalities of structuring, governing, and optimising the task redesign, task assignment, and task process re-engineering, to achieve the optimal human–AI collaboration for the organisation. We present a conceptual model for analysis of human–AI collaboration that serves as the theoretic foundation