In today’s increasingly complex and dynamic international environment, intelligence services are confronted with the phenomenon often referred to as special warfare, understood here as the combination of kinetic and non-kinetic threats such as information manipulation, cyberattacks, political subversion, and the involvement of organised criminal groups. While similar multi-domain challenges have existed in earlier periods, including during the Cold War and the global war on terror – the speed, technological dimension, and volume of contemporary operations create qualitatively new pressures on intelligence structures. This paper, using a conceptual and comparative methodological approach, critically reviews the existing scholarship on the intelligence cycle and examines case-inspired dynamics of special warfare to assess whether a network-based model can more effectively reflect these demands. The analysis consolidates critiques of the traditional linear cycle, develops a model emphasising simultaneity, adaptability, and real-time cooperation between analysts, operators, and decision-makers, and identifies institutional and cultural challenges of implementation. The study does not c
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