Systematic Literature Review (SLR): Quick Response, Cryptography Model and Card Payment Systems

This paper presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that explores the intersection of Quick Response (QR) codes, cryptographic models, and card payment systems. With the rapid evolution of digital payment infrastructures, QR-based transactions have become increasingly prevalent due to their ease of use, low cost, and accessibility. However, the integration of QR codes into card payment systems introduces significant security and privacy concerns, necessitating robust cryptographic solutions. This review systematically analyzes existing research from 2015 to 2025, focusing on the technological frameworks, security protocols, and vulnerabilities associated with QR code transactions and card-based payments. Key themes identified include symmetric and asymmetric encryption models, public key infrastructures (PKIs), tokenization, and blockchain-based enhancements. The review also evaluates the performance, scalability, and usability of various cryptographic schemes in the context of real-time payment authentication and fraud prevention. Through a comprehensive analysis of over 25 peer-reviewed publications, this study highlights research gaps, particularly in lightweight cryptograp