Thailand is experiencing rapid population aging, with elderly citizens representing 20.36% of the total population. Phayao Province has an especially high proportion of elderly residents (26.54%), particularly in rural areas where healthcare access and support may be limited. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess health status and identify its determinants among rural elderly in Phayao Province. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 453 participants aged ≥60 years were selected from three districts. Data were collected from May to July 2024 using validated questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha 0.701-0.974) covering health status, quality of life, mental health, family relationships, and activities of daily living (ADL). Results showed that 42.6% of participants had moderate health status, while 39.3% had poor health status. The majority were female (58.9%), with a mean age of 69.06 years. Bivariate analysis identified significant factors (p<0.05) including employment status, income, income sufficiency, living arrangements, exercise, health information, mental health, quality of life, family relationships, and ADL. Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression revealed five significant predi
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