Genetics and Metabolism: How Genetics Affects Metabolic Syndrome in Various Populations

The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), emphasizes how critical it is to comprehend the hereditary components of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic pathways that determine an individual's susceptibility to disease are shaped by genetic variation that is driven by evolutionary pressures, migration, and environmental adaptation. This paper explores how these variants lead to metabolic syndrome in different populations through population genetics based on existing literature and data. The result shows that genetic adaptations in specific populations (e.g., survival at high altitudes) are strongly associated with metabolic health. Despite significant progress, there are still research gaps in underrepresented populations and new genetic variants. In order to effectively prevent and control metabolic illnesses, this article urges further research to create healthcare policies that take hereditary features into account.