A Survey of Kidney Cancer Analysis Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms

A recent and emerging public health concern is kidney disease, particularly Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function due to various ailments. Kidney cancer, a potentially fatal form of cancer, requires accurate staging for effective treatment selection, with Stage 1 being a crucial point for decisions. Physicians often face challenges in accurately determining cancer stages, leading to potential under- or over-treatment. Kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood, removing waste and excess fluids, excreted as urine. Advanced renal disease can cause dangerous build-ups of fluids, electrolytes, and waste. In early stages, kidney disease may exhibit minimal symptoms, often progressing unnoticed until more advanced stages. Kidney cancer arises when kidney cells undergo abnormal growth and lose control. Treatments for kidney cancer encompass a range of options, including surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Early detection remains pivotal for effective intervention, echoing the universal importance seen in managing all types of cancer. In contrast, managing chronic kidney disease focuses on minimizing kidney damage by tar