Green chemistry, or sustainable chemistry, is an innovative scientific paradigm that focuses on designing chemical products and processes with minimal environmental and health hazards. This review emphasizes the evolution, principles, and applications of green chemistry in analytical sciences, highlighting its role in sustainability. The twelve principles formulated by Anastas and Warner serve as a foundation, advocating waste prevention, atom economy, safer chemical synthesis, renewable feedstocks, and energy-efficient methods. In analytical chemistry, these concepts are translated into Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), which promotes the use of eco-friendly solvents, miniaturized procedures, real-time monitoring, and energy-efficient instrumentation. Key developments include solventless extraction, bio-based solvents, and sustainable chemical reagents that reduce toxicity and waste. Furthermore, greenness assessment tools such as the Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and AGREE provide standardized evaluation of environmental performance. Emerging innovations ranging from advanced sensing platforms and biodegradable devices to the integration of artifi
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