Perioperative evolution of chronic heart failure phenotype in patients with cardiac surgery

Background. Heart failure (HF) is a well-defined risk factor for early mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery.We aimed to analyze the evolution of the clinical phenotype of HF at an early stage after heart surgery.Methods. The study included 126 consecutive patients with established chronic HF who fulfilled the cardiac rehabilitation program after undergoing heart surgery (62.23±8.59 years, 67.5% - men). Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical phenotype of HF: group 1 - HF with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) (HFrEF), group 2 - HF with mildly reduced LV EF (HFmrEF) and group 3 - HF with preserved LV EF (HFpEF). All patients were investigated by electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, 6 minutes walk test and assessment of serum NT-proBNP level. Results. Preoperatively, 23.9% of patients had HFrEF, 24.8% - HFmrEF and 51.3% - HFpEF. Analyzing the evolution of the HF phenotype in the early postoperative period, we found that most patients remained in the same group. However, among patients with preoperative HFmrEF, in 22.2% of patients there was an increase in LV EF over 50% and in 22.2% of patients was determined a reduced