Background. As a potential biomarker for caries risk assessment, salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels and dental caries prevalence in children have been linked. This has attracted a lot of attention in dental research. Aim. To investigate the relationship between salivary nitric oxide concentration and the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 0-12 years. Methodology. A comprehensive search was conducted from 2016 to 2024 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Three reviewers screened 238 articles. Data on caries-related outcomes, nitric oxide measurement methods, and research characteristics were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessed the quality of case-control and cross-sectional studies, while the ROBINS-I tool was used for in vivo research quality evaluation. Results. This systematic review examined 9 studies on the relationship between salivary nitric oxide (NO) levels and early childhood caries (ECC). The research generally showed lower NO levels in ECC groups compared to controls, suggesting a potential preventive role of NO in caries development. Some studies found a correlation between higher N
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