Background. Adipocytokines are hormones secreted by adipose tissue that play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. We evaluated serum resistin, visfatin, and carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) in patients with RA and examined their associations with joint erosions and extra-articular manifestations. We studied 140 subjects: 70 with RA (41 with metabolic syndrome [MetS] and 29 without MetS) and 70 controls. We compared resistin, visfatin, and CIMT across the three groups. Results. All MetS parameters showed higher mean values. Visfatin and CIMT were increased in RA cases compared with controls. MetS exerted an add-on effect on RA. Lower mean serum visfatin was associated with a higher prevalence of erosions. Mean CIMT was lower in RA cases with extra-articular manifestations than in those without. Conclusions. Resistin correlated more strongly with inflammatory activity in RA, whereas visfatin correlated with both inflammatory and metabolic effects and with erosions. Insulin resistance and MetS accompanied RA, and visfatin was significantly associated with the add-on effect of MetS on RA. Articular pathology related to lower serum vis
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