Non-adherence is a common problem in psychiatric practice and also an important determinant of a negative prognosis. The main form of treatment in schizophrenia is pharmacological. Adherence to pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is between 41-50%, the consequences of this being observed in the number of hospitalizations and relapse rate, the evolution of the disease as well as the associated medical costs. In order to find strategies to improve adherence, it is necessary to first assess its causal factors. This literature review categorizes these factors in patient determinant such as: age, symptomatology, associated comorbidities, attitudes and subjective aspects of patients related to illness and treatment; treatment-related factors such as side effects, associated costs or complexity of prescriptions; environmental factors such as lack of social support, difficulty in accessing health systems; and ultimately factors related to the physician, focused mainly on the therapeutic relationship between the clinician and the patient. Non-adherence is usually secondary to many factors, with the most important being an absent of insight into the pathology,
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