Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality all over the world despite the efforts made towards improving treatment. Most of the clinical studies have not shown significant beneficial effects in the evaluation of various molecules for their neuroprotection and neuro-recovery promoting properties. The new concept of multimodal, pleiotropic drugs has opened new perspectives in this field. This review focuses on clinical stroke studies with biologically active molecules such as erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and Cerebrolysin.
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