Background and purpose. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is approved for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. It is still controversial if in patients with ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation this treatment has the same efficacy as in patients with ischemic stroke due to other etiologies. The present study aimed to compare the safety and outcome of intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA between patients with stroke due to atrial fibrillation, due to other cardiac sources of emboli and due to large-vessel disease. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 463 patients treated with rtPA in the Stroke Unit of Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, between January 2004 and December 2011. Patients were divided in three subgroups according to stroke etiology: cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation, cardioembolic stroke due to a cardiac disease other than atrial fibrillation, stroke due to large-vessel disease. The outcome measures of the study were: symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage transformation, modified Rankin score and mortality at three months. Results. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that stro
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