Hippocampal sclerosis – cause or consequence of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in children?

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is a well defined epileptic syndromic entity, especially in adults. In pediatric population, this syndrome has been less well studied, probable because of the particular electroclinical features of temporal seizures in children. This article reviews evidence for and against the causal relationship between hippocampal sclerosis and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and offer some insights in the etiology and pathogenesis of hippocampal sclerosis.