Machine Fault Diagnosis Using Hybrid CNN–LSTM Deep Learning: A Detailed Examination

Industry 4.0 has increased the demand for intelligent predictive maintenance systems capable of supporting real-time monitoring, early fault detection, and efficient decision-making in industrial environments. In this context, accurate prediction of machine failures has become essential for minimizing downtime, reducing maintenance costs, and improving operational reliability. This study employs the Predictive Maintenance Dataset from the UCI repository to develop and evaluate data-driven models for machine failure prediction and classification. The research pursues two primary objectives: first, to compare the performance of several machine learning algorithms in classifying machine failures, and second, to assess the effectiveness of deep learning approaches in achieving higher predictive accuracy. Among the machine learning models examined, the XGBoost classifier demonstrates the strongest performance. To further enhance prediction capability, this study adopts a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN–LSTM) model, which integrates CNN’s strength in automatic feature extraction with LSTM’s ability to learn temporal dependencies from sequential data. Exper