The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has the potential of sufficing drive needs with better fuel efficiency. The complex nature of hybrid vehicle provides multiple opportunities for obtaining better fuel efficiency. The mathematical modeling is a necessity for understanding the behavior of HEV. The fuel efficiency is obtained through various means including the design of energy management system, component sizing, emission control, and other methods. In the present paper, a mathematical model of HEV is presented for a parallel HEV with a review of various methods used for fuel efficiency optimization.
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