Design of Free Cantilever, Counter fort and T-flanged Cantilever Type Retaining Wall

Retaining walls are widely used as permanent structures for retaining soils at different levels.Type of the wall depends on the soil pressure, such as active or passive earth pressure and earth pressure at rest and drainage conditions. Types of walls generally used are gravity walls, RCC walls, counterfort walls and buttress retaining walls. Retaining walls behavior depends on the wall height and retention heights of the soil at its backfill. Retaining walls are used with tying with more than one wall at perpendicular joints to retain liquids, water storage and materials storages such as dyke walls and tanks. Retaining walls excessively used in culverts and as well as in the bridges for construction of abutment wing walls supposed to resist soil pressures laterally applied perpendicular to the axis of the walls.Based on the present scenario used in retaining structures within the civil industries there requirements of height of walls are being increased due to lake of land and cost of sub structures being incurred in the project work, higher height of walls develops huge bending moment at the base because of the cantilever action of the walls, thus resulting in higher sections at t