Powertrain electrification in the agricultural vehicles is still in the initial stages. This article analyzes the energy behavior of a Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell Agricultural Mobile Robot (PV/FCAMR) as the preliminary step before development. This concept incorporates three energy storage sources for the powertrain: a battery pack, a Fuel Cell (FC) system, and a Photovoltaic (PV) system. This paper proposes an approach based on the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to determine the sizes of the FC and battery of an FCAMR. A differential drive mobile robot was used as a case study to extract the typical working cycles of farming applications. The FCAMR vehicle model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate vehicle energy consumption and performance. For the energy analysis and evaluation, the FCAMR was tested based on two realistic working cycles comprising circular and rectangular moving patterns. The results showed that the proposed arrangement could extend the FCAMR autonomy by 350% as opposed to the pure electric system. This allows for at least 8 h of work with a tank filled with 150 g hydrogen and a PV system with a 0.5 m2 monocrysta
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