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How Can We Enhance Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement in Nursing Science?

Richard Gray, Noppamas Pipatpiboon, Daniel Bressington · Nursing Reports · 2025

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE, alternatively referred to as public involvement (PI), public and patient involvement (PPI), or consumer and community involvement and engagement (CCIE)), refers to research being conducted ‘with’ or ‘by’ members of the public rather than ‘to’, ‘about’, or ‘for’ them [...]

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