Background: The prevalence of oral diseases in Vietnam has remained high in recent years, especially dental caries and gingivitis. Conventional dental education in schools is ineffective in maintaining good behavior. Evidence regarding motivational aspects of oral health education in primary school students is limited. Therefore, this study will evaluate the effectiveness of dental education interventions based on content that enhances motivation. Methods: A non-randomized two-cluster controlled before–after study was conducted in two primary schools in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2024. Third-grade students were interviewed using a motivational questionnaire (DIM-S), then we examined the indicators OHI-S, DMFT (permanent teeth) and dmft (primary teeth) at the initial time (T1) and after 12 months (T2). Kim Lien School received a motivation-based education approach with content built upon the DIM-S guidelines; Khuong Thuong School received a traditional dental education approach. Results: At time point T1, extrinsic motivation predominated (86.41% in the control group; 95.95% in the intervention group). Mean motivation increased by 0.95 points in the intervention group (from 15.03 ± 1.56 to
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