The Impact of Centrifugation Devices and Collection Tubes on Fibrin Characteristics and Growth Factor Release Under High- and Low-Speed Protocols

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate (APC) produced through blood centrifugation. Despite the development of various centrifugation systems, protocol variability continues to pose challenges in selecting the optimal method. This study investigated the effects of three different centrifuges and collection tubes on the fibrin characteristics and growth factor release in leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+). Methods: Blood samples from six healthy female volunteers were processed using three centrifuges (Duo, IntraSpin, and LMC-3000) and three collection tubes (Pyrex, A-P, and silica-coated plastic) under high- (~700× g for 12 min) and low-speed (~200× g for 8 min) protocols. Fibrin clot weight and length were assessed. Growth factor release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was quantified using ELISA. Fibrin architecture was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: High-speed protocols tended to produce larger clots, whereas low-speed protocols generated smaller but more biologically active matrices. The IntraSpin a