Objective: Wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling plays critical roles in maintaining environmental homeostasis and is also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, its role in macrophages during periodontitis is not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the interaction between Wnt signaling and macrophages in the context of periodontitis. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in C57/BL6 mice using a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g)-associated ligature for 14 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), the stabilization of β-catenin, and the macrophage marker F4/80 in the periodontal tissues. The effect of Wnt signaling on TNF-α was examined using Western blot analysis in Raw 264.7 murine macrophages stimulated by Wnt3a-conditioned medium, with or without Wnt3a antibody neutralization, and compared with primary cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs). The effect of P.g lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Wnt signaling was assessed by analyzing key components of the Wnt signaling pathway, including the activity of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protei
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