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The Contemporary Role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Radiation Oncology: A Review

Saad Mohssine, Marie-Ève Pelland, Stephane Bedwani, David Roberge · Current Oncology · 2026

Purpose: Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are increasingly being explored as tools with potential applications in radiation oncology, with applications in education, patient care, and workflow optimization. This review evaluates the current landscape and future potential of immersive technologies in clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted via PubMed and Scopus (search date: January 2026) using a Boolean search strategy combining terms for virtual/augmented/mixed reality, radiotherapy, and education/anxiety/training; articles published between 2010 and 2026 were screened independently by two reviewers. An online survey assessed experience with and perceptions of VR among Canadian radiation oncologists. Semi-structured interviews with physicians, residents, therapists, physicists, and a staff psychologist at a large academic tertiary-care center in Canada explored qualitative insights into current use and attitudes toward immersive technologies. Results: VR and AR show utility across multiple domains. In education, platforms such as the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) enable therapists to practice in simulated tr

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