Introduction This article presents an in-depth single-case study of Kazakhstan and examines the latent negative effects that may accompany the expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector. The central premise is that such risks arise less from isolated technical performance indicators of particular AI systems than from the broader architecture of legal regulation, institutional design, and centralized data infrastructures. Methods The study combines normative-institutional analysis with secondary qualitative analysis. The normative component examines the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Artificial Intelligence,” the National AI Platform, and related digital governance projects, including Smart Data Ukimet, the Digital Family Card, and sovereign large language models. The empirical component is based on a secondary qualitative analysis of 53 semi-structured interviews with civil servants. Auxiliary analytical summaries derived from the same interview subset were used only to support retrieval and thematic consolidation. The analysis theref
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