Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant global public health challenge, with its prevalence escalating continuously and disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Traditional management models have limitations in disease prediction, personalized treatment, and public health intervention. Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital health technologies provide novel insights for precise prediction and intelligent management of T2DM. This review systematically summarizes research progress in AI’s role in deciphering T2DM pathogenesis, personalized treatment, and public health management. By integrating multi-omics and environmental data, AI reveals key mechanisms including gene–environment (G × E) interactions, β -cell dysfunction, and inflammatory pathways, significantly enhancing early screening and risk prediction. In clinical management, AI combined with digital health tools [e.g., continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), wearable devices, and mobile health (mHealth) apps] facilitates remote monitoring, medication optimization, and pers
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