IntroductionOptimizing school physical education (PE) schedules is crucial for enhancing public health outcomes, particularly among school-aged children.MethodsTherefore, in this study, a weighted fitness function is developed to evaluate health fitness scores. This function integrates multiple health metrics such as BMI reduction, fitness improvement, calories burned, and heart rate reduction. Six optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated Annealing (SA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithms are utilized to optimize PE schedules based on the designed weighted fitness function. Using a dataset of 1,360 student entries, the study incorporates health metrics such as BMI reduction, fitness score improvement, caloric expenditure, and heart rate reduction into a weighted fitness function for optimization.ResultsThe results show that ACO achieved the highest allocation of PE time (9.91 h/week), the most significant caloric expenditure (370 kcal/session), and the greatest reduction in heart rate (8.5 bpm). GA excelled in the reduction of BMI, achieving a
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