Enamel matrix proteins (EMP) are pivotal in the development and mineralization of tooth enamel,representing a significant focus in regenerative dental treatments. EMP’s ability to regenerate dental tissues including enamel, dentin, and periodontal tissues has shown promise in repairing damaged areas and treating periodontal diseases. Moreover, research has explored its potential in creating biomaterials for dental implants and fillings, further underlining its importance in modern dentistry.EMP comprises several proteins and enzymes that form the organic matrix of enamel, with amelogenins constituting about 90% of these proteins. These amelogenins, characterized by their low molecular weight and hydrophobic nature, play a crucial role in enamel formation. The remaining 10% consists of non-amelogenins like enamelin and ameloblastin. The AMELX gene on the X chromosome primarily encodes these amelogenins, and although the Y chromosome also has a corresponding gene (AMELY), it is significantly less active. Research has shown that amelogenins are essential not just for the structural integrity of enamel but also for promoting tissue regeneration and bone tissue engineering.The applicati
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