Increasing attention is now being paid to applying green chemistry compounds, i.e., compounds that cause minimum environmental damage. Biopolymers have a leading place in this issue, and chitosan and its derivatives are leading among them. The unique structure of chitosan allows it to exhibit a set of properties such as biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and others, due to which it has found wide application in various fields. Modifications of its structure by alkylation, esterification, graft copolymerization, acylation, and other types of modification and new technologies have greatly expanded the possible applications of chitosan and its derivatives. The important aspect is also that the technologies used for modification can be attributed to green chemistry, and the modification products are eco-friendly. This article provides an overview of recent trends in preparing chitosan derivatives and their use in light of environmentally friendly technologies.
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