Freezing Avian Semen

Semen cryopreservation is an important tool for the storage of reproductive cells used for the ex situ management of genetic diversity in birds. Recent advances in poultry semen cryopreservation technology have resulted in the emergence of cryobanking, which is now being developed in an increasing number of countries. In addition, semen freezing methods are now effective for various domestic and wild bird species, although species such as guinea fowls are still highly affected by the process. The methods of freezing avian semen now use a small number of cryoprotectants, (mainly glycerol, dimethyl or N-methylacetamide) and cell packaging (such as straws or pellets). Temperature curves of freezing and thawing remain the most variable points as very slow or very rapid curves are sometimes used in the same species. Specific features of bird reproductive physiology are very important for sperm cryopreservation and application. The characteristics of initial semen quality, including cell membrane properties, mobility capacity and ability to undergo the acrosome reaction are critical points. The specific features of the oviparity system of reproduction and the internal fertilization proce