Introduction. Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission are considered promising pharmacological agents with neuroprotective effects; however, their effects on neurogenic niches have not been sufficiently characterized. The aim was to employ morphological methods to characterize the effect of mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor) on neurons of the granular layer of the dentate gyrus and neurogenesis in the subgranular zone. Materials and methods. Twenty 4-month male Wistar rats had intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal mdivi-1 administration.Immunomorphological methods were used to evaluate changes in differentiation and proliferation of neuronal precursors, the level of immunostaining for synaptic proteins, and mitochondrial changes in detecting proteins of respiratory complexes I, II, and V. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of mdivi-1 on behavioral performance of animals in “the open field” and “T-maze” tests. Results. Intraventricular and intraperitoneal mdivi-1 administration decreased the density of doublecortin-positive neuronal precursors, suppressed dendrite development, and reduced the number of BrdU-labeled neurons in the dentate gyrus. Suppression of neurogenesis w
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