Background: dysthymia, also known as Persistent Depressive Disorder (as defined in DSM-5), is a chronic form of depression characterized by less severe but enduring symptoms compared to major depressive disorder., Dysthymia often presents covertly in children and adolescents, masked as personality traits, behavioral peculiarities, or somatic complaints, which complicates timely diagnosis and treatment. The aim of review was to synthesize current evidence on dysthymia in children and adolescents, including its epidemiological profile, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and contemporary treatment approaches. Material and Methods: a literature data search was conducted using databases such as Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine, and Google Scholar, employing keywords including “dysthymia”, “major depressive disorder”, “children and adolescents”, “persistent depressive disorder”, and “comorbidity”. Articles published in Russian and English from 1984 to 2025 were included. A total of 464 sources were screened, 232 selected, and 72 a
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