The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to organizing cybersecurity at enterprises, which allowed not only to systematize existing concepts of information security management, but also to identify key trends, contradictions and problematic aspects in the field of technical information protection. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between organizational and technological components of cyber protection, since it is their inconsistency that often causes critical vulnerabilities in corporate systems. It has been established that traditional means of protection, focused mainly on preventive measures - in particular, antivirus solutions, firewalls, access control systems - are no longer able to provide a full level of cyber resilience in the conditions of dynamic development of cyber threats, the growth of the role of social engineering and the spread of targeted attacks. This indicates the need to transition from reactive models of cyber protection to proactive strategies, in which the identification of potential risks precedes their implementation. The importance of ethical hacking as a tool for actively identifying vulnerabilities in informati
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