Cyber threats are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Existing methods of analysis and decision-making do not always allow us to adequately assess the uncertainty and ambiguity of the situation, responding to cyber incidents after they occur. It is more effective to implement proactive cybersecurity measures based on constant analysis and forecasting of potential threats. This approach allows us to identify weaknesses in the security system and take preventive measures, minimizing the risk of successful cyber attacks. This study proposes the use of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) as an effective tool for visualization and analysis of incident response scenarios. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the main definitions of the study are highlighted, in particular, the concepts of cognitive modeling, a fuzzy cognitive map, which is presented in the form of a weighted directed graph and a cognitive matrix, and the stages of its creation. The main provisions regarding the scenario approach in cybersecurity are formulated. As a result of the SWOT analysis, key concepts were identified, including risks, attacks, and defenses that form the basis of the system. The assessment of
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