The article examines the impact of diagnostic equipment and firmware modification on train automation systems. Analyzing the current state and identifying the risks associated with the operation of such systems, the study highlights the possibility of improving technological approaches to ensure the reliability and safety of automated rail transport systems. Given the growing dependence on digital technologies, the work emphasizes the need to develop new approaches to firmware management and diagnostic systems that ensure the stability and protection of critical elements of the railway infrastructure. In the article, tighten control over firmware modifications and implement more diagnostic hardware testing protocols to minimize risks to automation systems. It is also proposed to develop a technique for continuous monitoring of the state of the detection system for identified threats that may arise as a result of changes in firmware or the functioning of diagnostic devices. An important aspect is the provision of appropriate training of technical personnel and the implementation of comprehensive measures to improve the safety and reliability of automation systems based on the result
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