The article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of methods, technologies, and modern approaches to the use of speech recognition and natural language processing (NLP) technologies in the context of national security and information security. The key aspects of the use of technologies for monitoring communications, detecting suspicious activity and application in the field of intelligence and counterintelligence, the role in ensuring cybersecurity, the possibilities of biometric identification by voice, ethical and legal aspects, and technological challenges are considered. The problem statement focuses on the challenges associated with the widespread adoption of speech recognition and NLP technologies, in particular, the lack of accuracy of algorithms, which creates risks to the reliability of security systems. The author also emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical and legal issues related to the privacy of citizens and the possible misuse of technologies for mass surveillance. The paper provides examples of systems for cybersecurity purposes, such as mass listening and analysis systems, targeted monitoring systems, social media analysis platforms, biometric iden
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