TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF BUILDING A FAULT-TOLERANT SENSOR NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

This article examines the features and application areas of sensor networks, including environmental monitoring, military applications, smart building management, and smart cities. The necessity of ensuring fault tolerance and energy efficiency of network elements is analyzed. It is noted that modern sensor networks can autonomously respond to changes in the deployment and operation environment, maintaining functionality even in case of failures and disruptions. Various methods for ensuring fault tolerance are studied, including the use of self-configuration algorithms, role rotation among sensors, hierarchical node management systems, and others. The need for developing new and improving existing energy-efficient protocols that minimize energy consumption of individual nodes and enhance the autonomy and reliable functioning of sensor network segments is emphasized. The impact of decreasing and increasing the number of nodes on network fault tolerance and their ability to self-recover under abnormal and malicious interference conditions is analyzed. The necessity of improving protection mechanisms against such interferences to enhance network reliability and stability is highlighte