A Case Report of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Pediatrics: When and How to Think About it?

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a life-threatening demyelinating brain disease, usually caused by reactivation of a rare opportunistic infection with JC virus. This pathology is strongly associated with immunosuppressed states, with primary PML developing in an immunocompetent patient is very rare. Imaging has an important role in orientating the diagnosis. We report the case of an 8 years old girl, who was on chemotherapy, and suffered neurologically. Her MRI showed PML lesions. Through this case, we provide a review of the literature about this rare pathology to help clinicians and radiologists evoke it.