Review on Pasteurellosis: Causes, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Current Status in Ethiopia

Infectious diseases are one of the key constraints like pneumonic pasteurellosis is most recurrent respiratory infections that affect ruminants. This disease is caused by transportation stress, bacteria, viruses and climatic changes. A variety of etiologic agent form this multi-factorial disease such as Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) (P. multocida gallicida, P. multocida multocida) and P. multocida septica. may also be divided into five capsular serogroups (A-E) and sixteen somatic serotypes [1-16]. Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) formerly named P. haemolytica has two biotypes A and T depending on arabinose and trehalose fermentation. The colonies produced by M. haemolytica are odorless, moist, smooth, grayish, and translucent measuring approximately 1-3mm in diameter on blood agar plates while the colonies of P. multocida are round, grayish, shiny and non-haemolytic. Pneumonic pasteurellosis diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms, necropsy, and bacteria isolation, Biolog, molecular and by the recent developed bacterial diagnostic technique called Matrix-Assisted-Laser-Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS), a fast, reliable and cos