Background: HIV and syphilis are mainly diagnosed using separate rapid test kits for the HIV counseling and testing (HCT), Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and other clinical requests in healthcare facilities in The Gambia, as recommended in the HIV testing management guidelines. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of SD Bioline HIV/ Syphilis Duo as a single test kit used for the simultaneous detection of HIV & Syphilis antibodies in the laboratory setting. Methods: We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo kits in terms of HIV screening against the GenScreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab ELISA (Lot 9D0126) using a total of 100 HIV negative and 150 HIV positive serum/plasma specimens that were stored at -20°C. Subtyping of the HIV positive specimens was previously performed using First Response HIV-1/2 test cards and Western Blot assays respectively. Moreover, the SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo kit sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in relation to Syphilis screening of 100 specimens was also determined against Treponema Pallidum Heamagglutination A
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