Background: Errors in the total testing process are being increasingly recognized as an important cause of preventable patient harm, and pre-analytical phase has the highest percentage of these events. Contemporary data on the prevalence and spectrum of pre-analytical error in routine biochemistry laboratories, especially in low- and middle-income settings, are still sparse. Methods: This observational single centre cross-sectional study was conducted in the laboratory of clinical biochemistry at Department of Biochemistry, Government P.D.U. Medical College, Churu, Rajasthan, India, from May 2024 to December 2024. Every serum and plasma sample admitted to routine and urgent chemistry analyses was screened on arrival in line with International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) quality indicators as sample identification, request form, collection, transporting, or specimen quality-related errors. The frequencies of pre-analytical errors were computed as the percentage of samples with 1 or more error. Chisquare test and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare patient location (outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care) and request priority (routine vs emergency). R
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