Cyanobacteria, often referred to as blue-green algae, are tiny photosynthetic microorganisms with remarkable potential in the field of public health. These organisms are known to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, terpenes, and polyphenols, which have demonstrated strong antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. As the world faces increasing threats from infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, and cancer, there is an urgent need for innovative and effective treatments. Natural sources like cyanobacteria are gaining attention for their ability to provide novel therapeutic agents. Some of these compounds have already progressed to clinical trials, especially in cancer treatment, showing promising results. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including the need for thorough toxicity assessments, the development of improved methods for compound isolation, and the creation of scalable production techniques. Overcoming these hurdles is essential to harness the full potential of cyanobacterial metabolites safely. This review highlights the increasing importance of cyanobacteria in addressing significant pub
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