Objective: Preventive maintenance and treatment of postoperative pneumonia in patients with urgent abdominal pathology. Methods: The results of examination and treatment of 86 patients with postoperative pneumonia (PP) for the period from 2005 to 2017 analyzed. There were 51 men (59.3%), women – 35 (40.7%). All patients were operated for the diffuse peritonitis caused by acute destructive appendicitis (n=21), perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (n=10), strangulated ventral hernia (n=4), acute intestinal obstruction (n=19), destructive forms of acute calculous cholecystitis (n=18) and acute destructive pancreatitis (n=14). In addition, the work presents the results of the application of the preventive measures developed by authors in 70 patients with urgent diseases of the abdominal cavity without PP. Results: To reduce the frequency of PP in patients with urgent surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity, complicated by intraperitoneal hypertension syndrome and enteral insufficiency, a method of antegrade intubation of the small intestine has been developed. In cases when after approaching of the edges of laparotomic wounds, the intra-abdominal pressure was above 15 mm Hg, the opera
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