Head and neck diseases can be inflammatory, infectious, congenital, neoplastic, or traumatic. The anatomy of the head and neck structures are described and include the ear, nose and paranasal sinuses (including the oral cavity, salivary glands, and pharynx), the larynx (including the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis), and the neck. An accurate diagnosis is mandatory and is based on a detailed history and physical examination. Examination of the nose may be done with anterior or posterior rhinoscopy or rigid nasal endoscopy. The larynx and pharynx may be viewed by indirect, flexible, or direct laryngoscopy. Flexible or rigid esophagoscopy permits examination of the esophagus. The trachea and lungs are examined using rigid or flexible bronchoscopy, panendoscopy, or core or open biopsy. Imaging can include ultrasononography, barium swallow, computed tomography scans, positron emission tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging. Nearly one dozen figures show various anatomic structures and office equipment, including nasal specula, a laryngeal mirror, an esophagoscope, and a bronchoscope. Several recommended readings are provided.
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