Optimal pain management in the perioperative period is essential to improving patient quality of life, preventing postoperative complications, and ensuring improved surgical outcomes.1 This review discusses the optimal clinical approach to pain management in the acute setting, centering on the concept of multimodal analgesia. Various opioid and nonopioid medications available for treating acute pain are discussed, with a focus on the “pain ladder,” adverse effects of pain medications, epidural and regional anesthetic techniques, and common pitfalls to avoid when managing postoperative pain. This review does not discuss chronic pain management.
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