Although organ transplantation remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with severely compromised organ function, with the growing number of patients in need of treatment and the lack of organ supply, medical scientists have begun seeking out alternatives. In the last two decades, researchers have attempted to grow native and stem cells, engineer tissues, and design treatment modalities using regenerative medicine techniques for almost every tissue of the human body. This chapter discusses the basics of tissue engineering, including cell isolation and biomaterial selection. It then outlines specific advances and potential surgical uses. This review contains 9 figures, 2 tables, and 135 references.
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