Aortic Valve Stenosis

Valvular heart disease is a common clinical syndrome that physicians face on a routine basis. Aortic stenosis (AS) accounts for a substantial amount of these cases with differing etiologies from rheumatic, congenital bicuspid to calcific AS. Clinical history and physical examination can assist in assessing the presence and severity of AS, but echocardiography has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of AS and to assess severity. Multimodality imaging including cardiac computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 3D printing have evolved over the years, lending aid in the diagnosis and prognostication of AS. This review provides a succinct overview of the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and diagnosis of AS. This review contains 10 figures, 3 tables and 49 references. Key Words: aortic stenosis, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 3D printing, low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis